| Carbohydrates: Ring and open chain structure of glucose and fructose. Reactions of glucose and fructose mutarotation. Inter conversion reactions- aldose to ketose, ketose to aldose, chain elongation and chain degradation, epimerization. Disaccharides: sucrose, Lactose, cellobiose, Reducing and non-reducing sugars, Polysaccharide: Starch, glycogen, Cellulose and Chitin, analysis of carbohydrates. Aminoacids, Proteins and nucleic acid: Proteins (structure and functions): Amino acids, structural features, optical activity, essential and non-essential amino acids, iso-electric point, synthesis and chemical properties of α amino acids. Peptides and it’s structure determination. Polypeptides or proteins: classifications, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, glycoproteins, denaturation and folding, enzymes. Nucleic acids: Nitrogeneous base and pentose sugars, Nucleosides, nucleotides, Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and functions of nucleic acids; DNA, RNA (m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA), an overview of gene expression (replication, transcription and translation), genetic code (origin, Wobble hypothesis and other important features), genetic errors, Central dogma, Protein synthesis. |