Physical description of wave evolution – Fundamental geophysical fluid dynamics, wave growth by wind theories, wave spectrum, effects of small scale disturbances and gustiness on wave growth, wave induced stress, drag of air flow over sea surface; Wave-wave interaction – general formalism, Wave dissipation by surface processes; Bottom friction and percolation – dissipation over sandy bottoms, parameterization of bottom stresses; Numerical modeling of ocean waves – model classes and generation, wave sensitivity studies, operational application and analysis; Extreme events - storm surges, tsunami and cyclones; governing equations of ocean circulations – geotropic flows, principles of vorticity dynamics, vortex theories to oceans, upwelling, baroclinic and barotropic instability with applications; theory of fronts and jets – gulf stream, equatorial dynamics and ocean currents; governing equations – large scale ocean circulation, numerical models, boundary layers, wind driven circulation in homogenous oceans, climate dynamics, global climate change, ENSO; Princeton Ocean Model and some of its applications.
Text/Reference Books:
1. Joseph Pedlosky, Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere: Introduction to Wave Dynamics, Springer
2. Kantha and Clayson, Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes, Academic Press
3. D B Haidvogel, A Beckmann. Numerical Ocean Circulation Modeling, Imperial College Press |